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Home > Organic Chemistry > Lactones (Find 13 items)

Lactones

ANHYDROERYTHROMYCIN A

(23893-13-2)
Anhydroerythromycin A is a degradation product of erythromycin formed by a complex internal rearrangement of erythromycin A on exposure to acidic conditions. In acid, erythromycin A forms the enol ether and then undergoes a second internal cyclisation of the C12–OH and C9 enol to afford the ketal, anhydroerythromycin A. Anhydroerythromycin A is an important analytical standard for erythromycin A stability studies.

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Apoptolidin

(194874-06-1)
Apoptolidin, originally isolated from a Nocardiopsis sp., induces apoptotic cell death in rat glial cells transformed with the adenovirus E1A oncogene (IC50 = 11 ng/ml). Apoptolidin is among the most selective cytotoxic agents tested by the NCI in human cancer cell lines. Although the apoptotic activity of apoptolidin correlates with F0F1-ATPase inhibition, recent evidence suggests the existence of a secondary biological target or more complex mode of action.

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Lactone refers to an organic substance that contains both a carboxyl group and a hydroxyl group in the same molecule, and the two are dehydrated. Organic compounds with one and only one ester group in the ring. Common ones are x=2, 3 or 4, which are called β-, γ- or δ-lactones, respectively. They are generally insoluble in water, easily soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol and ether, and their density is generally lower than that of water.
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