Sodium hydrosulfide

56.06270

55.96970

240-778-0

FWU2KQ177W

1710

158264

2922|2318

Rhombohedric-cubic crystals. White to colorless.|Colorless rhombohedral crystals.

2830109000

38.80000

0.38050

Sodium hydrosulfide, solution appears as a colorless to light-yellow liquid. Corrosive to metals and tissue. It is used in paper pulping, manufacturing dyes and dehairing hides.

1.79 g/cm³

350 °C

212° F at 760 mm Hg (approx.) (USCG, 1999)

90ºC

H2O: 620 g/L (20 ºC)

Keep containers tightly closed in a well ventilated area away from food products. Keep away from heat and water. Store at temper

negligible

ODOR OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE

Needles of flakes, mp 55 °C. Completely and rapidly soluble in water, alcohol, ether /DIHYDRATE/.|Shiny rhombs, mp 22 °C/TRIHYDRATE/.|When exposed to air, sodium hydrosulfide undergoes autoxidation and gradually forms polysulfur, thiosulfate, and sulfate. It also absorbs carbon dioxide, forming sodium carbonate.

The solution continuously and slowly evolves gaseous hydrogen sulfide. Rate of evolution is increased by acids.

Sulfides, Inorganic

Strong Reducing Agent

A chemical base. Reacts with acids to release flammable and toxic gaseous hydrogen sulfide. As long as the solution is kept strongly alkaline, pH > 10, there is very little release of H2S. At pH = 7, the percent concentration of H2S released is close to 80%.

Corrodes most metals. /Sodium Hydrosulfide Solution/

II

4.2

UN 2318/1385/2949

R31; R34

S25-S36/37/39-S45-S50

C

Fireproof. Dry. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Separated from acids and strong oxidants.

Stable, but hygroscopic. Flammable solid. May ignite in air.

P210, P233, P234, P235+P410, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P310, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P330, P363, P370+P378, P390, P391, P403+P235, P404, P405, P407, P413, P420, P501

H226

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D003, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Reacts violently with diazonium salts. Spontaneous combustion.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. For electric vehicles or equipment, ERG Guide 147 (lithium ion batteries) or ERG Guide 138 (sodium batteries) should also be consulted. (ERG, 2016)|Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.|Corrosives, Flammable - 2nd degree, Reactive - 1st degree

|Danger|H226 (57.35%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]|P210, P233, P234, P235+P410, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P310, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P330, P363, P370+P378, P390, P391, P403+P235, P404, P405, P407, P413, P420, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 793 companies from 14 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P264, P270, P280, P301+P310, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P321, P322, P330, P363, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2016)

Rubber protective equipment, such as apron, boots, splash- proof goggles, gloves; canister-type respirator or self-contained breathing apparatus. (USCG, 1999)|Rubber protective equipment, such as apron, boots, splash-proof goggles, gloves; canister-type respirator or self-contained breathing apparatus.

Flammable when exposed to heat or flame. Spontaneous combustion.

Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|Land spill - Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water. /sodium hydrosulfide, solid/|Land spill - Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash or cement powder. /sodium hydrosulfide solution/|Water spill - Add soda ash (Na2CO3). Allow to aerate. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.|Air spill - Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. /sodium hydrosulfide solution/

/GUIDE 135: SUBSTANCES - SPONTANEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE/ Fire or Explosion: Flammable/combustible material. May ignite on contact with moist air or moisture. May burn rapidly with flare-burning effect. Some react vigorously or explosively on contact with water. Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire. May re-ignite after fire is extinguished. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. /Sodium hydrosulfide, solid, with less than 25% water of crystallization; Sodium hydrosulfide, with less than 25% water of crystallization/|/GUIDE 135: SUBSTANCES - SPONTANEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE/ Health: Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Inhalation of decomposition products may cause severe injury or death. Contact with substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution. /Sodium hydrosulfide, solid, with less than 25% water of crystallization; Sodium hydrosulfide, with less than 25% water of crystallization/|/GUIDE 135: SUBSTANCES - SPONTANEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Stay upwind. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Keep out of low areas. /Sodium hydrosulfide, solid, with less than 25% water of crystallization; Sodium hydrosulfide, with less than 25% water of crystallization/|/GUIDE 135: SUBSTANCES - SPONTANEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Sodium hydrosulfide, solid, with less than 25% water of crystallization; Sodium hydrosulfide, with less than 25% water of crystallization/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for SODIUM HYDROSULFIDE (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

A corrosive irritant to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes.|Liquid causes marked eye irritation ... . Contact ... with skin causes irritation. ...

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance and filter respirator for inorganic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered plastic containers. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Fireproof. Dry. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Separated from acids and strong oxidants.

Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly when dispersed.

The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Inhalation may cause lung oedema. Corrosive on ingestion. The substance hydrolyses rapidly on exposure to moisture releasing H2S. See ICSC 0165 .

NO open flames.

AVOID ALL CONTACT! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety goggles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

No data

D003; A solid waste that exhibits the characteristic of reactivity, but is not listed as a hazardous waste in Subpart D.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 5000 lb or 2270 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

PRETREATMENT OF MICE WITH IP INJECTED GLUTATHIONE OXIDIZED 0.58 MICROMOLE/KG PROTECTED THEM AGAINST A SUBSEQUENT LETHAL CHALLENGE WITH SODIUM SULFIDE 0.83 MICROMOLE/KG.

LC50 Mouse inhalation 1500 mg/cu m/18 min. /Hydrogen sulfide/|LC50 Rat inhalation 1500 mg/cu m/14 min. /Hydrogen sulfide/

Besides being irritant to mucous membranes, hydrogen sulfide is readily absorbed through the skin, lungs, and digestive tract lining. In the bloodstream the gas is converted to alkali sulfides. The hydrosulfide radical (presumably the agent responsible for systemic lesions) is excreted by the lung and in urine. Part of the sulfide is oxidized to sulfate and thiosulfate and excreted in urine. Some of the sulfide may be trapped by natural disulfides (e.g., glutathione) in the bloodstream. Some sulfide is also excreted as iron sulfide in feces. /Hydrogen sulfide/

Patch clamp studies of neuroblastoma cells have shown that in the presence of sodium hydrogen sulfide, the in vitro precursor of hydrogen sulfide, addition of the sulfonated amino acids, taurine or cysteic acid resulted in reversible abolition of the inward of the sodium currents. This effect could also be demonstrated by preincubating cells for 3-20 min within 5-10 mM sodium hydrosulfide followed by replacement of the solution with taurine or cysteic acid in sulfide-free saline. Neither sodium hydrosulfide taurine nor cysteic acid alone had any effect. The sulfhydryl reagents, beta-mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol, were also found to abolish reversibly the sodium currents. As the effects of the above treatments were nearly identical, the synergistic action of sodium hydrosulfide with taurine or cysteic acid may result from reduction of the disulfide bonds between subunits comprising the sodium channel. The responses to sodium hydrosulfide and taurine, a putative neurotransmitter/neuromodulator, suggest that reductions in sodium channel function may be the mechanism(s) responsible for loss of central respiratory drive during hydrogen sulfide poisoning.|HYDROSULFIDE ANION (HS-) ... FORMS COMPLEX WITH METHEMOGLOBIN KNOWN AS SULFMETHEMOGLOBIN, WHICH IS ANALOGOUS TO CYANMETHEMOGLOBIN. ... DISSOCIATION CONSTANT FOR SULFMETHEMOGLOBIN HAS BEEN EST AS 6X10-6 MOLES/L WHERE AS THE DISSOCIATION CONSTANT FOR CYANMETHEMOGLOBIN IS ABOUT 2X10-8 MOLES/L. DESPITE LOWER BINDING AFFINITY FOR SULFIDE, INDUCED METHEMOGLOBINEMIA PROVIDES UNEQUIVOCAL PROTECTION AGAINST DEATH FROM ACUTE SULFIDE POISONING IN ANIMALS.

Sulfide of heavy metals.

Inhalation of mist causes irritation of respiratory tract and possible systemic poisoning; hydrogen sulfide gas, which may be given off when acid is present, causes headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting; continued exposure can lead to loss of conscious- ness, respiratory failure, and death. Liquid causes marked eye irritation; itching, lachrymation, swelling, and corneal injury causing blurring of vision are the most common effects; exposure to light may increase the painful effects. Contact of liquid with skin causes irritation and corrosion of tissue; continued exposure may cause dermatitis. Ingestion causes severe burning and corrosion of all portions of the gastro- intestinal tract, pain in the throat and abdomen, nausea, and vomiting, followed by diarrhea. In severe cases, collapse, unconsciousness, and paralysis of respiration may be expected. (USCG, 1999)

INHALATION: move victim from contaminated atmosphere; call physician; if breathing has ceased, start mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. EYES: immediately flush with large quantities of running water for a minimum of 15 min.; obtain medical attention as soon as possible; while awaiting instructions from physician, patient may be kept in a dark room and ice compresses applied to the eyes and forehead. SKIN: immediately flush affected areas with water; obtain medical attention if irritation persists. INGESTION: obtain medical attention as soon as possible; if patient is conscious, induce vomiting by giving large amounts of water or warm salty water (2 tablespoons of table salt to a pint of water); if this measure is unsuccessful, vomiting may be induced by tickling back of patient's throat with a finger. Vomiting should be encouraged until the vomitus is clear. If patient is unconscious, do not give anything but ensure there is no obstruction to breathing (his tongue should be kept forward and false teeth removed). He will be less likely to aspirate vomitus if he is placed in a face-down position. (USCG, 1999)

Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.

For advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W TKO /SRP: To keep open, "minimal flow rate"/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of pulmonary edema. Consider vasopressors to treat hypotension without signs of hypovolemia ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . In severe cases use amyl nitrite and sodium nitrite ... as described for cyanide poisoning; omit the sodium thiosulfate injection. Early administration will be the most effective. DIRECT PHYSICIAN ORDER ONLY ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . For basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Treat with rapid rewarming techniques ... if frostbite occurs. /Hydrogen sulfide and related compounds/

Sodium sulfide contact with workmen's eyes has been noted to cause burns which may be slow healing, owing presumably to strong alkalinity.|Man: severe toxic effects: 200 ppm = 280 mg/cu m 1 min; symptoms of illness: 50 ppm = 70 mg/cu m unsatisfactory: 20 ppm = 28 mg/cu m lethal: 600 ppm, 30 min 800 ppm, immediately.

NaHS

Serious local effects by all routes of exposure.

Sore throat. Burning sensation. Shortness of breath. Laboured breathing. Unconsciousness.

Redness. Pain. Skin burns.

Redness. Pain. Burns.

DYESTUFF PROCESSING, 20%; PAPER PULPING, 20%; LEATHER DEPILATORY, 15%; CHEM INT FOR ORGANIC CHEMICALS, 12%; EXPORT & OTHER, 33% (1978).|CHEMICAL PROFILE: Sodium Hydrosulfide. Organic chemicals and dyes, 40%; Kraft pulping, 36%; leather depilatory, 18%; other 6%.|CHEMICAL PROFILE: Sodium hydrosulfide. Demand: 1987: 30,600 tons; 1988: 30,900 tons; 1992 /projected/: 30,900 tons. (Imports and exports are negligible.)|Estimates of uses of sodium hydrosulfide in the United States for 1994: Pulp processing (kraft), 40%; ore flotation, 28%; chemicals and dyes, 15%; leather processing, 12%; and miscellaneous, includes rayon and cellophane desulfurization, 5%.

GRADES: TECHNICAL; FLAKE, 70-72%; SOLUTION, 40-44%.|45% solution; kraft mill grade solution-27% concentration; 60% solution /available/.|Available commercially as flakes containing 71% active matter or as a pale yellow 35% solution in water.|In industry, the following low-iron hydrated products are used: sodium hydrogensulfide solution (30% NaHS); sodium hydrogensulfide flakes (70% NaHS); sodium hydrogensulfide powder (95% NaHS).

All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing|Sodium sulfide (Na(SH)): ACTIVE|COMMERCIAL PRODUCT IS USUALLY THE DIHYDRATE.

EPA Method 9030: Iodometric Method. The method is used to measure the concentration of total and dissolved sulfides in drinking, surface, and saline waters. The method does not measure acid-insoluble sulfides. Excess iodine is added to a sample which has been treated with zinc acetate to produce zinc sulfide. The excess iodine is back-titrated with sodium thiosulfate or phenylarsine oxide. The precision of the end point varies with the sample. In clean waters, it should be determined within 1 drop, which is equivalent to 0.1 mg/l in a 200 ml sample. /Sulfide/|Method 427C: Methylene Blue Method. The procedure is applicable at sulfide concn up to 20 mg/l. It is based on the reaction of sulfide, ferric chloride, and dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine to produce methylene blue. Ammonium phosphate is added after color development to remove ferric chlloride color. The accuracy is about + or - 10%. The standard deviation has not been determined. /Sulfide/

Fire Hazards -> Corrosives, Flammable - 2nd degree, Reactive - 1st degree