1,1-Dichloro-1-nitroethane

143.951

143.96

209-854-0

1GV6MXB8TD

0434

6283

2650

DTXSID4021638

COLORLESS LIQUID|Colorless liquid.

45.8

1.56

1,1-dichloro-1-nitroethane appears as a colorless liquid. Strongly irritates skin and eyes. Toxic by ingestion and inhalation. Flash point 165°F. Denser than water and slightly soluble in water. Used as a solvent.

1.4271 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

124 °C

136°F

1.467

4.975g/L(20 ºC)

IN GENERAL, MATERIALS WHICH ARE TOXIC AS STORED OR WHICH CAN DECOMP INTO TOXIC COMPONENTS SHOULD BE STORED IN A COOL, WELL-VENTILATED PLACE, OUT OF DIRECT RAYS OF THE SUN, AWAY FROM AREAS OF HIGH FIRE HAZARD, & SHOULD BE PERIODICALLY INSPECTED INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS SHOULD BE ISOLATED FROM EACH OTHER.

Vapour pressure, kPa at 20°C: 2

Relative vapour density (air = 1): 5.0

Class II Combustible Liquid: Fl.P. at or above 100°F and below 140°F.

Unpleasant odor.

Slightly soluble in water.

Halogenated Organic Compounds

1,1-DICHLORO-1-NITROETHANE is incompatible with oxidizers. It will attack some forms of plastics, rubber and coatings. (NTP, 1992)

Class II Combustible Liquid: Fl.P. at or above 100°F and below 140°F.

COMPARATIVELY INERT & NON-CORROSIVE EXCEPT TO IRON IN PRESENCE OF MOISTURE

II

6.1(a)

UN 2650

23/24/25

26-45

KI1050000

T

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants and food and feedstuffs.

P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P310, P302+P352, P304+P340, P311, P312, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P403+P233, P405, P501

H301

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.|1,1-Dichloro-1-nitroethane may be disposed of by atomizing in a suitable combustion chamber equipped with an appropriate effluent gas cleaning device.

Strong oxidizers (Note: Corrosive to iron in presence of moisture).

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic gases and vapors, such as nitrogen oxides, hydrogen chloride, and carbon monoxide, may be released in a fire. (USCG, 1999)|Flammable. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Above 57.8 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.|Flammable - 2nd degree, Reactive - 3rd degree

|Danger|H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P310, P302+P352, P304+P340, P311, P312, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501|H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P264, P270, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P307+P311, P321, P330, P332+P313, P362, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2016)

Skin: Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. Eyes: Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. Wash skin: The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated. Remove: Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced. Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the work shift. (NIOSH, 2016)|Recommendations for respirator selection. Max concn for use: 20 ppm. Respirator Class(es): Any supplied-air respirator.|Recommendations for respirator selection. Max concn for use: 25 ppm. Respirator Class(es): Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous flow mode. Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece. Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece.|Recommendations for respirator selection. Condition: Emergency or planned entry into unknown concn or IDLH conditions: Respirator Class(es): Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode. Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece and operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode.|Recommendations for respirator selection. Condition: Escape from suddenly occurring respiratory hazards: Respirator Class(es): Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister. Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus.|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for 1,1-DICHLORO-1-NITROETHANE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.|(See protection codes)

MODERATE WHEN EXPOSED TO HEAT OR FLAME.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water if flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

1. Remove all ignition sources. 2. Ventilate area of spill or leak. 3. For small quantities, absorb on paper towels. Evaporate in safe place (such as a fume hood). Allow sufficient time for evaporating vapors to completely clear the hood ductwork. Burn the paper in a suitable location away from combustible materials. Large quantities can be collected & atomized in a suitable combustion chamber equipped with an appropriate effluent gas cleaning device. 1,1-Dichloro-1-nitroethane should not be allowed to enter a confined space, such as a sewer, because of the possibility of an explosion.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.|Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.|If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Do not use water.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 1,1-DICHLORO-1-NITROETHANE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form.|/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.|/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas.|/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 1,1-DICHLORO-1-NITROETHANE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

HAZARD WARNING: IT HAS AN IRRITANT, LACRIMOGENIC EFFECT WHICH GIVES ADEQUATE WARNING TO PREVENT DANGEROUS EXPOSURE.|...SKIN IRRITANT.

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 Ceiling value: 10 ppm (60 mg/cu m).|Vacated 1989 OSHA PEL TWA 2 ppm (10 mg/cu m) is still enforced in some states.

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted Avg: 2 ppm (10 mg/cu m).

Personal protection: self-contained breathing apparatus. Collect leaking liquid in sealable metal containers.

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants and food and feedstuffs.

A harmful contamination of the air will be reached quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C; on spraying or dispersing, however, much faster.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Inhalation of the vapour may cause lung oedema.

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Above 57.8 °C use a closed system, ventilation and explosion-proof electrical equipment.

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety goggles.

| 2 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause temporary incapacitation or residual injury.| 2 - Materials that must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient temperatures before ignition can occur. Materials would not under normal conditions form hazardous atmospheres with air, but under high ambient temperatures or under moderate heating could release vapor in sufficient quantities to produce hazardous atmospheres with air.| 3 - Materials that in themselves are capable of detonation or explosive decomposition or explosive reaction but that require a strong initiating source or must be heated under confinement before initiation.| 3 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause serious or permanent injury.

1,1-Dichloro-1-nitroethane was detected in gas samples from 6 municipal solid waste and sludge landfill simulators from a sampling method with an analytical detection limit of 0.01 ppm, although no specific concentrations were reported(1).

1,1-Dichloro-1-nitroethane's use as a fumigant(1) could have resulted in its release to the environment through various insecticidal applications(SRC). It is believed to be no longer manufactured or used for crop protection(2).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a suggested classification scheme(3), 1,1-dichloro-1-nitroethane will have high to very high mobility(SRC) in soil based on an estimated Koc values of 36 to 59(1,2,SRC). Insufficient data are available to predict the relative importance or rate of biodegradation in soil conditions(SRC). Volatilization of 1,1-dichloro-1-nitroethane is expected from dry soils(SRC) based on an experimental vapor pressure of 16.88 mm Hg(4,SRC), and may also be important from moist soils(SRC) based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.00128 atm-cu m/mole(5,SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a suggested classification scheme(2), volatilization of 1,1-dichloro-1-nitroethane from water is not rapid but may be significant(SRC) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.00128 atm-cu m/mol(1,SRC). Volatilization half-lives from a model river (1 m deep flowing 1 m/sec with a wind velocity of 3 m/sec) and a model lake (1 meter deep) can be estimated to be about 4 hours(1) and 5 days(1), respectively. Insufficient data are available to predict the relative importance or rate of biodegradation in natural waters(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Based on an experimental vapor pressure of approximately 16.88 mm Hg at 25 °C(1), 1,1-dichloro-1-nitroethane will exist primarily in the vapor phase in the atmosphere(SRC). Based on a suggested classification scheme(2), it will degrade in the ambient atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated half-life of 107 days(3). Removal of atmospheric 1,1-dichloro-1-nitroethane may occur through wet deposition(SRC) because of the high water solubility(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1,1-dichloro-1- nitroethane with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated to be approximately 1.49X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C which corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 107 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5x10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC).

Based upon an estimated water solubility of 2500 mg/l(2), the BCF of 1,1-dichloro-1- nitroethane can be estimated to be approximately 7.5 from a regression-derived equation(1). This estimated BCF value suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms may not be an important fate process(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indexes(1), the Koc for 1,1-dichloro-1-nitroethane can be estimated to be about 36(SRC). The Koc for 1,1-dichloro-1-nitroethane can be estimated to be about 59(SRC) based on an estimated water solubility of 2500 mg/L(4) and a regression derived equation(2). According to a suggested classification scheme(3), these estimated Koc values suggest that 1,1-dichloro-1-nitroethane has high to very high soil mobility(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 1,1-dichloro-1-nitroethane can be estimated to be 0.00128 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1,SRC). This value of Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from water is not rapid but possibly significant(SRC) based on a suggested classification scheme(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep flowing 1 m/sec with a wind velocity of 3 m/sec) can be estimated to be about 4.33 hours(2,SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model environmental lake (1 meter deep) can be estimated to be about 5 days(2,SRC).

Occupational exposure to nitroparaffins, such as 1,1-dichloro-1-nitroethane(SRC), occurs mainly through inhalation, however, dermal contact and ingestion are also possible(1).

4. 4= VERY TOXIC: PROBABLE ORAL LETHAL DOSE (HUMAN) 50-500 MG/KG, BETWEEN 1 TEASPOONFUL & 1 OZ FOR 70 KG PERSON (150 LB).

GC/MS ANALYSES OF PROFILES OF VOLATILE CONSTITUENTS OBTAINED FROM CORD BLOOD & MATERNAL BLOOD SAMPLES REFLECT TRANSPLACENTALLY ACQUIRED HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS & ACCUM IN FETAL CORD BLOOD.

High concentrations cause lacrimation, increased nasal secretions, coughing, pulmonary rales, and weakness in animals. No human experience is reported. (USCG, 1999)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)|(See procedures)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

MAY PRODUCE SEVERE PULMONARY EDEMA EITHER BY INHALATION OF VAPOR OR INGESTION OF LIQUID. ALSO SKIN IRRITATION.|SYMPTOMATOLOGY: 2. ...VERY CONCN NITROUS FUMES PRODUCE PROMPT COUGHING, CHOKING, HEADACHE, NAUSEA, ABDOMINAL PAIN, & DYSPNEA... 3. SYMPTOM-FREE PERIOD FOLLOWS EXPOSURE & LASTS FOR 5 TO 72 HR. 4. FATIGUE, UNEASINESS, RESTLESSNESS, COUGH, HYPERPNEA, & DYSPNEA APPEAR INSIDIOUSLY, AS THE ADULT RESP DISTRESS SYNDROME GRADUALLY DEVELOPS. 5. INCREASINGLY RAPID & SHALLOW RESP, CYANOSIS, MILD OR VIOLENT COUGHING WITH FROTHY EXPECTORATION, & PHYSICAL SIGNS OF PULMONARY EDEMA... A SEROUS EXUDATE MAY DEVELOP IN THE PLEURAL CAVITY, BUT ITS VOLUME IS USUALLY SMALL. 6. ANXIETY, MENTAL CONFUSION, LETHARGY, & FINALLY LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS. 7. A WEAK, RAPID PULSE, DILATED HEART, VENOUS CONGESTION, INTENSE CYANOSIS &...HEMOCONCENTRATION. CIRCULATORY COLLAPSE IS SECONDARY TO ANOXIA & HEMOCONCENTRATION. 8. ASPHYXIAL DEATH DUE TO BLOCKADE OF GAS EXCHANGE IN LUNGS. DEATH...WITHIN FEW HR AFTER THE FIRST EVIDENCE OF PULMONARY EDEMA. 9. SOMETIMES A SECOND ACUTE PHASE FOLLOWS THE INITIAL PULMONARY REACTION AFTER A QUIESCENT PERIOD OF SEVERAL WK. ... 10. IN NONFATAL, CONVALESCENCE MAY BE COMPLICATED BY INFECTIOUS BRONCHITIS, BRONCHIOLITIS OBLITERANS, PNEUMONIA AND GENERAL ASTHENIA. RARELY DIFFUSE PULMONARY FIBROSIS MAY DEVELOP. /NITROGEN OXIDES/

1,1-dichloro-1-nitroethane

The substance can be absorbed into the body by ingestion and by inhalation of its vapour.|inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

In Animals: irritation eyes, skin; liver, heart, kidney damage; pulmonary edema, hemorrhage

Cough. Sore throat. Laboured breathing. Shortness of breath. Symptoms may be delayed.

Redness. Pain.

Watering of the eyes. Redness. Pain.

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, liver, kidneys, cardiovascular system

...AT ONE TIME MARKETED OR WIDELY REPORTED.../BUT/ BELIEVED TO BE CURRENTLY OF LITTLE COMMERCIAL INTEREST...|PRODN /OF ETHIDE/ DISCONTINUED BY COMMERCIAL SOLVENTS CORP.|OF POTENTIAL VALUE FOR THE FUMIGATION OF STORED PRODUCTS AND EFFECTIVE AT CONCENTRATIONS OF THE ORDER OF 1-3 LB/1000 CU FT FOR 24 HR.|Believed to be no longer manufactured, or marketed for crop protection use.

FOR DETERMINATION ON GRAIN: AERATE SAMPLE & PASS AIR INTO NITRITE-FREE SULFURIC ACID...IMMERSE 5 MIN IN BOILING WATER BATH, COOK, ADD 5 ML 1% AQ RESORCINOL...REPLACE IN BOILING WATER BATH FOR 10 MIN. READ COLOR @ 560 NM: JONES LR & RIDDICK JA, ANAL CHEM 24: 1533 (1952).|MATRIX: AIR; PROCEDURE: ADSORPTION ON CHARCOAL, DESORPTION WITH CARBON DISULFIDE, DETERMINED BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; RANGE: 27-115 MG/CU M.|NIOSH Method 1601, 1,1-Dichloro-1-nitroethane; Gas Chromatography with FID Detection, Estimated Limit of Detection (LOD) = 0.01 mg/sample

GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC-MASS SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS OF CORD BLOOD & MATERNAL BLOOD SAMPLES COLLECTED AT BIRTH INDICATE TRANSPLACENTAL TRANSFER.

Fire Hazards -> Flammable - 2nd degree, Reactive - 3rd degree