Ethyl formate

74.07850

74.08

203-721-0

0K3E2L5553

0623

406578|8828

1190

DTXSID6040117

MOBILE LIQUID|WATER-WHITE LIQ|Colorless liquid.

2915130000

26.30000

0.81520

Ethyl formate appears as a clear colorless liquid with a pleasant odor. Flash point -4°F. Less dense than water. Vapors heavier than air.

0.9168 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

-80.5 °C

54.5 °C @ Press: 760 Torr

-20ºC

1.3582-1.3602

H2O: 11 g/100 mL (18 ºC)

Flammables area

15.16 psi ( 55 °C)

2.5 (vs air)

Class IB Flammable Liquid: Fl.P. below 73°F and BP at or above 100°F.

vol% in air: 2.76.5

Fruity odor.

SLIGHTLY BITTER TASTE

3.85e-04 atm-m3/mole|Henry's Law constant (H): Log(1/H unitless) = 1.8

1.02e-12 cm3/molecule*sec

GRADUALLY DECOMP IN WATER TO FREE ACID AND ALCOHOL|LIQUID-WATER INTERFACIAL TENSION: (EST) 28 DYNES/CM= 0.028 N/M @ 20 °C; HEAT OF SOLN: -50 BTU/LB= -28 CAL/G= -1.2X10+5 JOULES/KG

Highly flammable. Soluble in water. Slowly decomposed by water to formic acid, a corrosive material and ethyl alcohol, another flammable liquid.

Esters, Sulfate Esters, Phosphate Esters, Thiophosphate Esters, and Borate Esters

Highly Flammable

ETHYL FORMATE is an ester. Esters react with acids to liberate heat along with alcohols and acids. Strong oxidizing acids may cause a vigorous reaction that is sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products. Heat is also generated by the interaction of esters with caustic solutions. Flammable hydrogen is generated by mixing esters with alkali metals and hydrides. This compound is incompatible with the following: Nitrates; strong oxidizers, alkalis & acids [Note: Decomposes slowly in water to form ethyl alcohol and formic acid.] (NIOSH, 2016).

851 °F (USCG, 1999)|455 °C|440 °C

-9,500 BTU/LB=-5,300 CAL/G= -220X10+5 JOULES/KG

10.61 eV

Lower flammable limit: 2.8% by volume; Upper flammable limit: 16.0% by volume|Class IB Flammable Liquid: Fl.P. below 73°F and BP at or above 100°F.

The vapour is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible.

176 BTU/LB= 98 CAL/G= 4.1X10+5 JOULES/KG

CRITICAL TEMP: 455 °F= 235 °C= 508 DEG K

II

3

UN 1190

1

R11; R20/22; R36/37

S16-S24-S26-S33-S9

LQ8400000

F

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants. Cool.

Stable. Extremely flammable. May form explosive mixtures with air. Note low flash point and wide explosive limits. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, strong acids, nitrates.

P210-P261-P305 + P351 + P338

H225-H302 + H332-H319-H335

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.|1. BY ABSORBING IT IN VERMICULITE, DRY SAND, EARTH OR A SIMILAR MATERIAL AND DISPOSING IN A SECURED SANITARY LANDFILL. 2. BY ATOMIZING IN A SUITABLE COMBUSTION CHAMBER.

Nitrates; strong oxidizers, alkalis & acids [Note: Decomposes slowly in water to form ethyl alcohol & formic acid].|The crude product of reaction of methanol and carbon monoxide at 100 °C/70 bar in presence of 0.5% of sodium methoxide was discharged after cooling into a storage bottle, which burst 4 hr later. This was attributed to extreme instability of the ester in presence of the base, leading to the reverse reaction with vigorous evolution of carbon monoxide. Immediate neutralization of the reaction mixture would prevent the decomposition, which also occurs with ethyl formate and base.

Substance added directly to human food affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS).

Behavior in Fire: Vapor is heavier than air and may travel long distance to a source of ignition and flash back. (USCG, 1999)|Highly flammable. Vapour/air mixtures are explosive. Heating will cause rise in pressure with risk of bursting. Risk of fire and explosion on contact with strong oxidants.|Flammable - 3rd degree

|Danger|H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P312, P303+P361+P353, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P330, P337+P313, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501|H225 (99.95%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]|Aggregated GHS information provided by 1943 companies from 20 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P312, P303+P361+P353, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P307+P311, P312, P321, P330, P337+P313, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet). FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2016)

Skin: Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. Eyes: Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. Wash skin: The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated. Remove: Work clothing that becomes wet should be immediately removed due to its flammability hazard(i.e. for liquids with flash point Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the work shift. (NIOSH, 2016)|Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.|Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.|Recommendations for respirator selection. Max concn for use: 1500 ppm: Respirator Class(es): Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous flow mode. Eye protection needed. Any powered, air-purifying respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s). Eye protection needed. Any chemical cartridge respirator with a full facepiece and organic vapor cartridge(s). Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister. Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece. Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece.|Recommendations for respirator selection. Condition: Emergency or planned entry into unknown concn or IDLH conditions: Respirator Class(es): Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode. Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece and operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode.|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for ETHYL FORMATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.|(See protection codes)

Burning Rate: 3.6 mm/min.|DANGEROUS, WHEN EXPOSED TO HEAT, FLAME, OR OXIDIZERS.

... Upper, 16%; lower, 2.8% by vol in air|UPPER LIMIT: 16.0%, LOWER LIMIT: 2.8%|Explosive limits , vol% in air: 2.7-16.5

Dry chemical, ... carbon dioxide.

Vapor is heavier than air and may travel long distance to a source of ignition and flash back.

1. REMOVE ALL IGNITION SOURCES. 2. VENTILATE AREA OF SPILL OR LEAK. 3. FOR SMALL QUANTITIES, ABSORB ON PAPER TOWELS. EVAPORATE IN A SAFE PLACE (SUCH AS A FUME HOOD). ALLOW SUFFICIENT TIME FOR EVAPORATING VAPORS TO COMPLETELY CLEAR THE HOOD DUCTWORK. BURN THE PAPER IN A SUITABLE LOCATION AWAY FROM COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS. LARGE QUANTITIES CAN BE COLLECTED AND ATOMIZED IN A SUITABLE COMBUSTION CHAMBER. ETHYL FORMATE SHOULD NOT BE ALLOWED TO ENTER A CONFINED SPACE, SUCH AS A SEWER, BECAUSE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF AN EXPLOSION.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.|Any clothing which becomes wet with liquid ethyl formate should be removed immediately and not reworn until the ethyl formate is removed from the clothing.|SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for ETHYL FORMATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.|/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.|/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.|/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for ETHYL FORMATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

... A conc of 330 ppm ethyl formate produced a slight irritation of the eyes and a rapidly increasing nasal irritation.|Ethyl formate vapor at a conc of 330 ppm in air causes irritation of the eyes which subsides only after several hours.|Irritant to mucous membranes (due to liberated formic acid); the vapor of high concn is /a CNS depressant/.|Overexposure may cause irritation of the eyes, nose, throat and skin.

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 100 ppm (300 mg/cu m).

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted Avg: 100 ppm (300 mg/cu m).

Remove all ignition sources. Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours of low boiling point adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Ventilation. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants. Cool.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached rather quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system. Exposure far above the OEL could cause lowering of consciousness.

The substance defats the skin, which may cause dryness or cracking.

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Closed system, ventilation, explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting. Do NOT use compressed air for filling, discharging, or handling. Prevent build-up of electrostatic charges (e.g., by grounding).

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety goggles.

| 2 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause temporary incapacitation or residual injury.| 3 - Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Materials produce hazardous atmospheres with air under almost all ambient temperatures or, though unaffected by ambient temperatures, are readily ignited under almost all conditions.| 0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.

Ethyl formate has been identified in poultry manure(1). It is not known whether it is a poultry metabolite or a product of microbial degradation()1).

LD50 Rat oral 4.29 g/kg

In persons with impaired pulmonary function, especially those with obstructive airway diseases, the breathing of ethyl formate might cause exacerbation of symptoms due to its irritant properties. ... Persons with pre-existing skin disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of this agent. ... Although ethyl formate is not known as a liver toxin in humans, the importance of this organ in the biotransformation and detoxification of foreign substances should be considered before exposing persons with impaired liver function. ... Although ethyl formate is not known as a kidney toxin in humans, the importance of this organ in the elimination of toxic substances justifies special consideration in those with possible impairment of renal function.

/IT IS/ REPORTED IN OIL OF BORONIA DENTIGEROIDES. IT HAS BEEN IDENTIFIED IN FLORIDA ORANGE JUICE, SEVERAL VARIETIES OF HONEY, APPLES AND PEARS, & DISTILLED LIQUORS, SUCH AS RUM.|Ethyl formate occurs widely in fruit(1).

Ethyl formate maybe released to the environment as a result of its production, transport, disposal and use as a synthetic flavoring agent in lemonades, chewing gum, ice cream, essences (apple, pineapple, banana, and peach flavors), artificial rum and arrac; as a fungicide and larvicide for tobacco, cereals, dried fruit, and other crops(1,3) and as a solvent for cellulose nitrate and acetate, as an acetone substitute and fumigant in packaged food, and in organic synthesis(2-4).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: If released to soil, ethyl formate would readily volatilize from the surface layers of soil as well as leach. While no data were located concerning the degradation in soil, it would be expected to readily degrade by chemical hydrolysis, especially in alkaline soil, and biodegrade. (SRC)|AQUATIC FATE: Ethyl formate has a relatively high Henry's Law constant of 3.85X10-4 atm-cu m/mol(1) and if released to water, it will be lost due to evaporation. A volatilization half-life of 4.5 hrs was predicted for ethyl formate from a model river 1 m deep, flowing at 1 m/sec with a wind velocity of 3 m/sec(2,SRC). It would not be expected to sorb to sediment or bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms. Chemical hydrolysis will be an important fate process, especially in alkaline waters. The hydrolytic half-life is 3.1 days and 7.5 hr at pH 7 and 8, respectively(3,SRC). Based on limited data from screening tests supplemented by predictions of mathematical models and data on similar chemicals, ethyl formate should rapidly biodegrade(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: The half-life of ethyl formate in the atmosphere is estimated to be 11 days as a result of reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(1). Being fairly soluble in water, it should be readily washed out of the air by rain(SRC).

Ethyl formate hydrolyzes by an acid- or base-catalyzed reaction, although the base- catalyzed reaction is faster(4). The alkaline hydrolysis rate constant for ethyl formate is 25.7 L/mol-sec at 25 degC(3). The corresponding hydrolysis half-lives are 3.1 days and 7.5 hr at pH 7 and pH 8, respectively(SRC). The hydrolysis products are formic acid and ethanol(1). In the atmosphere, ethyl formate reacts with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals with a rate constant of 1.02X10-12 cu cm/molecule-s(1). Assuming a hydroxyl radical concn of 5X10+5 radicals/cu cm, the half-life of ethyl formate in the atmosphere would be 11 days(SRC).

Ethyl formate did not bioconcentrate in rainbow trout(1). Using a reported log octanol/water partition coefficient of 0.23(2), a BCF of 0.88 is estimated using a regression equation giving additional indication that ethyl formate should not bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms.

Using a reported water solubility of 88.25 g/L(1) for ethyl formate, an estimated Koc of 8 was calculated using a regression equation(2,SRC). A Koc of 4 was estimated from molecular structure(3). According to a suggested classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc suggests that ethyl formate will be highly mobil in soil (SRC).

Using a reported Henry's Law constant of 3.85X10-4 atm-cu m/mol(1) a volatilization half-life of 4.5 hrs was predicted for ethyl formate from a river 1 m deep, flowing at 1 m/sec with a wind velocity of 3 m/sec(2,SRC). Similarly, its volatilization half-life from a model lake 1 m deep, with a 0.05 m/s current and a 0.5 m/s wind is estimated to be 4.0 days(2). Ethyl formate has a high vapor pressure, 244.6 mm Hg at 25 °C(3) and therefore would readily volatilize from dry soil and other surfaces(SRC). Its moderately high Henry's Law Constant coupled with it low adsorptivity to soil indicates that ethyl formate would also readily volatilize from moist soil(SRC).

Ethyl formate was identified, but not quantified, in roasted filberts(1), beer(2), wine(6,7), Korean chamchwi(3), blue cheese(4), and apples and pears(5).

Ethyl formate is used in flavorings for lemonades and essences, in artificial rum and arrac, and as a fungicide and larvicide for tobacco, cereals, dried fruits, and other crops(1). It is also naturally found in fruits. Oral ingestion may occur as a result of the above reported uses of ethyl formate(SRC). Occupational exposure will be via inhalation and dermal contact(SRC).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 8,149 workers are exposed to ethyl formate in the USA(1).

3. 3= MODERATELY TOXIC: PROBABLE ORAL LETHAL DOSE (HUMAN) 0.5-5 MG/KG, BETWEEN 1 OZ & 1 PINT (OR 1 LB) FOR 70 KG PERSON (150 LB).

BECAUSE OF RELATIVELY GOOD SOLUBILITY IN PLASMA, ETHYL FORMATE PASSES READILY THROUGH THE PULMONARY ALVEOLI AND, DUE TO HIGH WATER SOLUBILITY, HAS A HIGH BLOOD-AIR DISTRIBUTION COEFFICIENT.|ETHYL FORMATE IS ABSORBED BY THE LUNGS AND THE GI TRACT; SLIGHT PENETRATION OF THE SKIN IS SAID TO OCCUR...

A MUCH STRONGER IRRITANT THAN ETHYL ACETATE, PROBABLY BECAUSE OF HYDROLYSIS TO FORMIC ACID.|Ethyl formate is metabolized by esterases in Streptomyces nitrificans.

It has been assumed, but not proved, that hydrolysis and release of formic acid on the moist surfaces are responsible for the irritant action of ethyl formate.

Inhalation of vapor causes slight irritation of the eyes and rapidly increasing irritation of the nose. High concentrations cause deep narcosis within a few minutes followed by death within a few hours. Contact with liquid causes moderate irritation of eyes and mild irritation of skin. Ingestion causes irritation of mouth and stomach; may cause deep narcosis and death if not treated. (USCG, 1999)

Eye: If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical. Skin: If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately flush the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. Get medical attention promptly. Breathing: If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible. Swallow: If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2016)|(See procedures)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

FORMATES CAN BE METABOLIZED TO FORMIC ACID. HENCE TREATMENT AS FOR METHANOL SHOULD BE CONSIDERED.

/IT IS/ IRRITATING TO SKIN, MUCOUS MEMBRANES, & IN HIGH CONCENTRATIONS.../A CNS DEPRESSANT/.|No irritation was noted after a 48 hr closed-patch test of 4% ethyl formate on human subjects.|Slight eye irritation in human subjects and strong persistent nasal irritation were noted on exposure to 330 ppm in the air. ... The irritating effects on the eyes and respiratory tract are probably due to rapid hydrolysis of the ester on contact with water, with the formation of alcohol and formic acid.|THERE ARE NO REPORTS OF TOXIC EFFECTS ON HUMANS EXCEPT SLIGHT IRRITATION OF THE EYES AND NOSE...10,500 PPM CAUSES MODERATE BUT PROGRESSIVE IRRITATION OF EYES AND NOSE, REMAINING 4 HR AFTER EXPOSURE.|THE ANESTHETIC POTENCY /IS/ ... LESS THAN THAT OF CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS & ETHYL ETHER, BUT IT /IS/ ... MORE ACTIVE ... THAN ETHANOL, ACETONE AND ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS ... .

ethyl formate

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour and by ingestion.|inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

irritation eyes, upper respiratory system; In Animals: narcosis

Cough. Shortness of breath. Headache. Drowsiness.

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Eyes, respiratory system, central nervous system

AREGINAL.../IS/ MIXTURE OF METHYL FORMATE AND ETHYL FORMATE.|ASSAY: 95% MINIMUM.|GRADES: TECHNICAL; FCC.

Formic acid, ethyl ester: ACTIVE|USE IN FOODS RESTRICTED TO 0.0015%.|NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES 9.4 PPM, ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES 10 PPM, ICE CREAM, ICES, ETC 21 PPM, CANDY 50 PPM, BAKED GOODS 98 PPM, GELATINS AND PUDDINGS 0.35-11 PPM, CHEWING GUM 430 PPM.|OF DIRECT FOOD ADDITIVES: LIMITATIONS- SYNTHETIC FLAVOR.

NIOSH Method No. 236 August 15, 1990. GC/FID Range 171-666 mg/cu m

Food additives -> Flavoring Agents|Agrochemicals -> Insecticides|Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT; -> JECFA Functional Classes|Flavoring Agents -> JECFA Flavorings Index|Fire Hazards -> Flammable - 3rd degree

Flavoring Agents|Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT;